Greek Spartan History Answers and News

Greek Spartan History Questions and Answers

Open Question: history of dance and military?

I have read that many dances historically come from military training such as Spartan phalanx moves in some folk greek dancing, fencing moves hidden in Ballet, ext. are there any books or articles that may confirm or debunk these? thanks but is there any documentation of martial arts in dance anywhere? more

Voting Question: qustion on history true/false?

1.) In the years following the Persian Wars, Athens demanded payments from the city-states it protected in order to maintain and build-up its navy. True False 2.) Athens and Sparta had similar cultures: both were peaceful and focused on democracy, the arts, and learning. True False 3.) Sparta depended on slaves and helots to do their manual labor, as all free citizen males were required to perform military duties. True False 4.) Spartans were very good at fighting land wars, and Athens had a powerful navy. True False 5.) The Peloponnesian War, which was fought between Sparta and Athens, was over in a matter of 10 years. True False 6.) Alexander the Great came from the northern Greek kingdom of Macedonia. True False 7.) Alexander the Great was 35 years old when he became the Great King of Persia. True False 8.) During his 13 years as a military leader, Alexander’s army rebelled against him several times. True False 9.) Many constellations in the night sky are named after the heroes and heroines of Ancient Greek Mythology. True False 10.) Much of the architecture of the government buildings in Washington, D.C. is modeled after Ancient Greek architecture. True False more

Resolved Question: HISTORY QUESTIONS HELP!!!?

1.) Which of the following is the main reason for the formation of independent city states in Greece? each city state wanted their own government each city state was separated by natural features each city state spoke a different language each city state had its own form of religious customs 2.) The Olympics were created to honor which Greek god? Apollo Mercury Athena Zeus 3.) The Romans despised Greek culture. True False ---- ---- 4.) Alexander the Great was finally defeated in Egypt. True False ---- ---- 5.) The ancient Greeks contributed little to mathematics. True False ---- ---- 6.) Most Spartans feared war and loved luxury. True False ---- ---- 7.) Democracy was born in Greece. True False ---- ---- 8.) According to legend, Rome was founded in the year 987 BC 767 BC 753 BC 187 BC 9.) The first Roman emperor was named Trajan Nero Augustus Claudius 10.) The first Christian emperor of Rome was Septimus Severus Caligula Augustus Constantine I 11.) The Roman king of the gods was Mars Jupiter Neptune Cupid 12.) What was the name of the civilization that the Greeks encountered when they traveled to the Italian peninsula? Etruscans Israelites Assyrians Gauls 13.) Who were the mythical founders of the city of Rome? The Greeks Caesar and Augustus Romulus and Remus Apollo and Jupiter 14.) What did the Romans do to make sure they would always remain free? established an army built a wall around their city conquered the Greeks none of the above 15.) The Roman Empire was on three different continents. True False ---- ---- 16.) Gladiators ruled the Roman Empire for many centuries. True False ---- ---- 17.) The Roman Empire never went further north than modern day France. True False ---- ---- 18.) Jesus Christ was born in the Roman Empire. True False ---- ---- 19.) Plebeians were richer than patricians. True False ---- ---- 20.) Slaves were middle class Romans. True False ---- ---- more

Resolved Question: did King Leonidas lead the whole battle of Battle of Thermopylae?

im doing a movie review on 300 for my english and i just want to sum up some of the history. why was king leonidas the main person when there were heaps of other greek armies in the true event ( not just the spartans). did he lead the whole army or just sparta like what else was special about him apart from being the king of sparta? thanks more

Resolved Question: What are some similarities between the ancient Greek Spartans and Canada?

I need some details and use it for comparison and along with some ancient Viking history too. more

Voting Question: Ever since The movie 300....?

Ever since the movie 300(based off of a comic),...why do people think Spartan are the "ultimate warriors". Sure a heavy armored infantry division can hold a half-mile wide pass against as many cloth-bound persians as timely possible as long as they stick together,....but in battles away from a tight pass....the Athenians have defeated them many times with lighter, more mobile soldiers. The final product is impressive....but such a soldier doesn't need that much hype won't you agree. In a real fight, the favor doesn't generally fall into the hands of a "God-like" soldier, more like a heavy armored greek lineman. These people don't even open up a history book, They hear "This IS SPARTA!" and go, wow they must be the most skilled soldiers ever!" In 500 B.C. the style was basically block, hit, block, smash, block stab, block hit...nothing special compared to medieval martial arts. more

Resolved Question: Will this essay work to persuade someone?

I have to write an essay for English and the topic I chose was how Macedonia is Greek. Will this work? Macedonia is Greek Macedonia was a Greek kingdom that sits on the northern end of Modern Day Greece and neighbors the Greek kingdoms of Thrace and Epirus. They had one of the worst armies in Greece until Philip of Macedon reformed the army making it the strongest army in all of Greece. The most famous Macedonian is Alexander the Great and has given Macedonia a glorious legacy. In 1942, a collection of Slavs broke off from Yugoslavia and named themselves Macedonia and was ruled by a fascist named Tito. Tito wanted to gain more land on the Aegean so he named the country Macedonia and threatened Greece to give a part of the real Macedonia to them. He spread propaganda during his whole term as dictator and now today, that very same country is continuing to do the same thing, only this time under a man named Nikola Gruevski, the prime minister of Fyrom (Former Yugoslavic Republic of Macedonia). Greece and Fyrom are trying to come to a compromise on the name. This essay doesn’t go to one person, but an entire country to convince them that they have their history a bit mixed up. Fyrom’s government is telling its people that the Macedonians used the Cyrillic Alphabet (Slavic Alphabet) and they are telling their citizens that the Ancient Macedonians had their own language. Well, it’s a proven fact from Herodotus and many other historians that the Macedonians spoke a dialect of Greek brought down from the Dorians. In fact, the name Alexander is Greek and Alexander is Latinized. Alexander’s real name is Alexandros which is derived from the words Alexo, to protect, and Andros, Man and the end result is protector of man. All Greek names have a meaning. The Fyromian government says that Ancient Macedonians were never Greek but the Greek tribe called the Dorians were the tribe that originally formed Macedonian people and they also settled in Sparta and a few northern parts of Greece. When the Doric variant called the Macedni originally settled Macedonia, the land already had Thracians and Illyrians from the North West in it (Illyria is located in Modern Day Albania which also has no connection to Alexander, Olympias, Epirus, or Illyria). The Macedni, Thracians, and Illyrians intermarried and the Macedonians ceased to be fully Hellenized. However, the Macedonians still participated in the Olympic Games and at the time only Greeks were allowed to attend. Philip II of Macedon ended up uniting Greece redeeming the Macedonians’ reputation and even led the Greek crusade against Persia (or at least was going to until he was murdered, then the task had to be done by Alexander). Another thing Fyrom will tell you is that Demosthenes called Philip of Macedon a barbarian and said he wasn’t Greek. But, Demosthenes was an Athenian orator that was notorious for twisting facts and making people believe what he wanted them to believe. Philip wasn’t the only man he called a barbarian either. Plus barbarian in Greek doesn’t only mean “not Greek” it also is an insult to other Greeks. If I called a Greek a barbarian in ancient times it would be like me calling someone a faggot in today’s time. Also, Fyrom isn’t even in the Ancient region of Macedonia, they are actually in Paionia. Their country used to be called Vardarska and they sit right on the Vardar River. One citizen of their country was thrown into a mental asylum this past week because he translated his country’s propaganda into English and supported Greece’s claims on Macedonia. Does this alone not prove that Macedonia is Greek? If they were actually Macedonians they wouldn’t need to worry about things like that. Before they said the man they put in the asylum didn’t exist but he did. His name was Vasko Gligorov, and who knows what is going to happen to him now. No historian, ancient or modern like Robin Lane Fox, Plutarch, Arrian, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Diodorus of Sicily, JFC Fuller, and many other people have ever said that Macedonians were not Greek. We know that Macedonians spoke Greek, believed in Greek gods, and participated in the Olympic Games and on top of that they had Greek architecture in their buildings. With the findings of the Palace of Philip II and Alexander the Great, we know that their architecture was Greek. We know that they called themselves Greek; Alexander even considered himself son of Zeus. There is no evidence to support that Macedonians had their own Gods and a completely different culture than Greece. All Greek states had their own twist on culture anyway but it all started from one central source and that is Hellenism. The Spartans have their warrior society, the Athenians have their Philosophy dominated society, and Thebes had taken their culture from everyone else. With these facts, we can clearly see that Macedonia was Greek. Is that enough? Well if not here’s some more. The names of the Macedonians were all Greek; In fact a all of the names we associate with Greece are Latinized. Even the word Greece is Latin. The Greek word for their country is Hellas and they call themselves Hellenes. Macedonia’s true name is Makedonia and in Greek it means “Land of Tall Men” and it doesn’t mean anything in the self-proclaimed “Macedonian” language which is actually Bulgarian! Philip’s real name is Philippos derived from the words Phil – Friend, and Ippos – Horse, the end result being Friend of Horses but Phil can also be translated to lover so when Greeks called Alexander’s friend Hephaistion Philalexandros they would be calling him either Friend of Alexander or Lover or Alexander. You can decide which one it is. The Macedonian name Amyntas is derived from the Greek word Amyntor which means Defend and the end result is Defender. So now we have all of our proof that Macedonia is Greek. There are no facts to support Fyrom’s claim to Macedonia and with this essay I hope you can see that. Thank you very much for your time and reading this essay! … Have I persuaded you yet? Tell me what you think. At the end of the first part of the essay it says "in fact, a" just ignor the "a" it was part of the word "all" which was cut off when I put it on here. Macedonian Phalanx, historians everywhere know REAL history. Macedonia was a Hellenistic Kingdom in Northern Greece. Nothing can change that. YOUR Macedonia has nothing to do with ANCIENT Macedonia. more

Resolved Question: A question about Spartans...?

This is a question I need to answer for my Classical History course: How did the Spartan hoplite army become superior to other hoplite forces in the ancient Greek world? Thanks! more

Resolved Question: History questions about Greece? HELP!!!!?

i forgot my history book at school and i have a11 question sheet and i have no idea what the answers are. please help!!!!!!! if you are greek you might know some of these: 1.What were the rights and obligations of citizens in a Greek city-state? 2.Describe the role of the helots and perioeci in in Spartan society. 3.What was the role of women in Spartan society? 4.Why did the Spartans try to prevent change? 5.What reforms were included in Solon's constitution for Athens? 6.Cleisthenes is given credit for what reform? 7.Explain why Athenians believed in choosing Council members by lot. 8.Why did king Darius of Persia begin a series of wars against Greeks? 9.Describe how the Greeks finally defeated the Persian fleet. 10.Why did Pericles accomplish in Athens? 11.List 2 events that caused the decline of Athens. YOU DON'T NEED TO ANSWER ALL OF THEM, JUST ABOUT 3 OR FOUR. PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! more

Resolved Question: Spartan and Trojan costume ideas?

I'm in charge of costumes for our middle school (7-9th grade) play. It's called the Hysterical History of the Trojan War and as the name implies, it's about the Trojan war. You can find the whole play here: http://www.geocities.com/pocolocoplayers/troy.html here's the cast list: CASSANDRA - She can see the future, but no one will listen to her. Sister of Paris and Hector. HELEN - Goofy teen-like girl who runs away with Paris and starts a war. PARIS - Goofy teen-like boy who takes Helen to Troy. ARIES - War god. ODYSSEUS - Greek warrior on Spartan side. ACHILLES - Greek warrior on Spartan side. ATHENA - War goddess. HECTOR - Prince of Troy and brother of Paris and Cassandra. ZEUS - Leader of the gods. GUARD - Trojan wall guard. He makes fun of everyone. HERA - Wife of Zeus. PATROCLUS - Cousin of Achilles. AJAX - Spartan warrior who uses muscles rather than brains. AGAMEMNON - Lord of the Greeks. Appears a bit like Darth Vader from Star Wars but Spartan style. MENELAUS - Spartan King and husband of Helen. POSEIDON - Ocean god. HOMER and the HOMERETTES - If it's all men, it can be HOMER and the HOMMIES or if it be HOMER solo. Or the HOMERETTES can be played by soliders or the women in the cast. HOMER can have dark shades like Stevie Wonder since he's blind. more

Resolved Question: History Help... please!?

1.The Greek city-state of Athens were known for the development of _____? A. Monarchy B. Democracy C. Oligarchy D. Republicanism Question 2 What was the defining characteristic of the Spartan city-state? A. Feudalism B. Direct democracy C. Military state D. Tyranny Question 3 What is the Socratic method? A. A manual for politicians B. A philosophy of Forms and Ideas C. A study of gravity and natural laws D. A style of teaching that uses questions to find the truth. Question 4 What was the Parthenon? A. A gym B. A temple C. A bath D. A government building Question 5 How far east did Alexander the Great’s empire spread? A. Egypt B. Persia C. India D. China Question 6 The Roman Republic was ruled by ____ ? A. A king B. A democracy C. A senate D. An emperor Question 7 What did Jesus and his disciples teach? A. Jesus was going to make Christians wealthy. B. Jesus was going take over Rome. C. Jesus was the messiah. D. All of the above Question 8 What faiths did NOT develope in India? A. Islam B. All of the above C. Buddhism D. Hinduism Question 9 Who was Siddhartha Gautama? A. King who created an empire that controlled much of northern India and Afghanistan. B. Ruler who encouraged the spread of Hinduism in Asia. C. Founder of Buddhism. D. Indian mathematician who discovered the concept of Zero. Question 10 To escape the endless cycle of reincarnation was the highest goal of _______? A. Both Hinduism and Buddhism B. Confucianism C. Buddhism D. Hinduism Question 11 Who was Chandragupta Maurya? A. King who built an empire that controlled much of northern India and Afghanistan. B. Founder of Buddhism. C. Ruler who helpped spread Hinduism across Asia. D. Founder of the Gupta Dynasty in India. Question 12 What principles did Confucius support? A. education B. self improvement C. All of the answer choices apply. D. respect for parents Question 13 Which of the following was NOT an achievement of Chin emperor Shi Huangdi? A. Freedom of the speech and support of Confucianism B. Simplification of the Chinese language. C. Construction of the Great Wall. D. he put an end to feudalism in China. Question 14 What philosophy guided China during the Han dynasty? A. Buddhism B. Confucianism C. Legalism D. Taoism Question 15 A republic is A. a government run by a few people B. a representative government limited by law. C. the same as a democracy D. a government run by a monarch. Question 16 The highest position a magistrate regularly held in the Roman Republic was a... A. dictator B. consul C. aedile D. senator Question 17 Who was the Roman statesman who defended the principles of limited goverment as the republic was sinking into a trianical state ruled by emperors. A. Octavian B. Julius Caesar C. Cicero D. Marc Antony Question 18 People who first discovered that by feeding horses alfalfa they could develope a larger stronger breed able to carry armor for a man and horse. A. Romans B. Parthians C. Chinese D. Greeks Question 19 Who was the first Roman Emperor? A. Alexander the Great B. Marcus Aurelius C. Caesar Augustus D. Julius Caesar Question 20 What are the Romans are most remembered for? A. Their peaceful humanitarian nature. B. Spreading Hellenistic civilization into western Asia and India. C. Engineering, military skills, and political organization. D. Their contributions to art, music, and poetry. Question 21 Under the rule a what empire did Great Way Buddhism develope and sculptured images of Buddha first appear. A. Kushan B. Roman C. Han D. Mauryan Question 22 Who crushed the Spartan army on the battlefield? A. No one, the Spartans could never be beaten. B. Athens defeated Sparta in the Peloponnesian War C. The Thebans led by Epaminondas D. The Macedonians led by Alexander the Great Question 23 What was NOT a characteristic of Greek Democracy? A. The majority oppress opposition to taking what they want. B. It set an example of how to achieve political freedom. C. People obtain power then elect a popular tyrant to wipe out laws they dislike. D. A struggle between elites and masses for more

Resolved Question: History Help 10 Points Given?

6. Which was not a major cause of the decline of the Roman Empire? (Points: 4) A mercenary army with no loyalty Corrupt leaders Decreased agricultural production Extremely low inflation 7. Which culture did Alexander unite with Greek culture? (Points: 4) Chinese Japanese Persian Russian 8. Which religion had the least emphasis on the afterlife? (Points: 4) Christianity Daoism Hinduism 9. Which was part of the Spartan government? (Points: 4) Dynastic cycles mandated by heaven Enforced democratic participation Female rulers Two kings 10. Who was an emperor during Pax Romana? (Points: 4) Alexander Caesar Hadrian Philip more

Resolved Question: Why is Greek or Greece so important in our world today?

For history I have to write a persuasive essay on why greece or the greeks are so important in our world today. We mostly learned about the spartans and athens and I have to know why they are so important. Why are they so important? more

Resolved Question: Can Someone Summarize this for me?

Later Athens had gotten the attention of the Persians, who desired that Athens be punished for the role it played in the destruction of Sardis. The Persians also had Hippias, the tyrant of Athens who had been deposed by Cleisthenes in 508 BC. So in 490 BC, the Persians launched an expedition against Athens. They were met by one of their former soldiers, Miltiades. He had been an outstanding soldier in the Persian army, but he took to his heels when he angered Darius. Unlike other Athenians, he knew the Persian army and he knew its tactics. The two armies, with the Athenians led by Miltiades, met at Marathon in Attica and the Athenians roundly defeated the invading army. This battle, the battle of Marathon (490 BC), is perhaps the single most important battle in Greek history. Had the Athenians lost, Greece would have eventually come under the control of the Persians and all the subsequent culture and accomplishmenst of the Greeks would probably not have taken the form they did. For the Athenians, the battle at Marathon was their greatest achievement. From Marathon onwards, the Athenians began to think of themselves as the center of Greek culture and Greek power. This pride, or chauvinism, was the foundation on which much of their cultural achievements were built. The first great dramas, for instance, were the dramas of Aeschylus; the principle subject of these dramas is the celebration of Athenian greatness. The great building projects of the latter half of the fifth century were motivated by the need to display Athenian wealth, greatness, and power. The Persians, however, weren't done. For the Persians, Marathon barely registered; the Persians, after all, controlled almost the entire world: Asia Minor, Lydia, Judah, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. While Marathon stands as one of the greatest of Greek military accomplishments, it was really more of an irritation to the Persians. The Persian government, however, was embroiled in problems of its own, and it wasn't until Xerxes (486-465 BC) became king, that the Persians really got down to business and launched a punitive expedition against Athens. This time the Persians were determined to get it right. In 481 BC, Xerxes gathered together an army of some one hundred fifty thousand men and a navy of six hundred ships; he was determined that the whole of Greece would be conquered by his army. The Athenians, however, were prepared. While many Athenians celebrated their victory at Marathon and thought that the Persians had gone home permanently, the Greek poitician, Themistocles, convinced the Athenians otherwise. So while Persia delayed through the 480's, Themistocles and the Athenians began a navy-building project of epic proportions. Themistocles convinced the Athenians to invest the profits from a newly discovered silver mine into this project; by 481 BC, Athens had a navy of two hundred ships. When Xerxes gathered his army at the Hellespont, the narrow inlet to the Black Sea that separates Asia Minor from Europe, most Greeks despaired of winning against his powerful army. Of several hundred Greek city-states, only thirty-one decided to resist the Persian army; these states were led by Sparta, Corinth, and Athens: the Greek League. Sparta was made leader of all land and sea operations. Themistocles, however, understood that the battle would be won or lost at sea; he figured that the Persian army could only succeed if it were successfully supported by supplies and communications provided by the fleet. He also understood that the Aegean Sea was a violent place, subject to dangerous winds and sudden squalls. While he kept the Athenian fleet safe in harbor, many of Xerxes' boats were destroyed at sea. He also waited his time; if the Persians could be delayed on land, then he could destroy the Persian fleet when the time was right. That time came in a sea battle off the island of Salamis. The Greeks had slow, clumsy boats in comparison with the Persian boats, so they turned their boats into fighting platforms. They filled their boats with soldiers who would fight with the opposing boats in hand-to-hand combat; it was a brilliant innovation, and the Athenians managed to destroy the majority of the Persian fleet. The Persians withdrew their army. However, one Persian general, Mardonius, remained. He wintered in Greece, but he was met in 479 BC by the largest Greek army history had ever known. Under the leadership of the Spartan king, Pausanias, Mardonius was killed in the battle of Plataea, and his army retreated back to Persia. It's difficult to assess all the consequences of the Greek victory over the Persians. While the Spartans were principally responsible for the victory, the Athenian fleet was probably the most important component of that victory. This victory left Athens with the most powerful fleet in the Aegean, and since the Persians hadn't been completely defeated, all the Greeks feared a return. The majority of Gr more

Resolved Question: HISTORY HELP? WILL GIVE TEP POINTS?

1. What role did icons play in Byzantine worship? They helped artists improve their skills. They intensified the religious experience by helping worshippers feel closer to God. They served to distract worshippers. They were accurate pictures of what Christian saints actually looked like. 2. Why did Justinian have the Hagia Sophia built? To make work for peasants To provide safety from Turks To show the glory of the empire To store excess crops 3. What type of trade especially helped Constantinople grow wealthy even as the Western Roman Empire crumbled? African pottery trade Chinese silk trade European wheat trade Roman slave trade 4. Which is true about Justinian legal reforms? It left the law in the hands of the church. It made it easier for common people to know the laws. It made the law more complicated. It turned the legal system into a common law system. 5. Which was a disagreement between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church? Whether or not Jesus was Jewish or Catholic Whether or not purgatory exists Whether or not the emperor could become Pope Whether or not the New Testament is correct 6. Which region did the Byzantine Empire recapture? Africa China England India 7. What was Justinian's major goal during his reign? Bringing back the Roman Republic Eliminating the remnants of Rome Reclaiming lost territory in the West Uniting the Catholic Church and Orthodox Church 8. What is the significance of the 1054 excommunications of the pope and the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church? It formalized the split between the Eastern and Western churches. It led to the downfall of the Catholic Church. It left members of both churches without leaders. It marked the beginning of war between Catholics and members of the Eastern Orthodox Church. 9. Constantinople was the former capital of the _____ Empire. Greek Persian Roman Spartan 10. Which book of Justinian Law served as a textbook for law students? The Digest The Institutes The Justinian Code The Torah please help more

Resolved Question: Who would win: Leonidas vs. Achilles?

So this is a good fight!!! Both have great fighting skills, but in the end, which of these two Greek Titans will stand??? Leonidas is known in the movie and history text books, as a warrior king who led 300 hundred Spartans against a fight to the death against Xerxes, and his millions and millions of Persian slaves. Achilles, a bold warrior. Son of Thetis, the ocean goddess. He was the folk hero, and warrior of the Trojan War. He was said to have one weakness. His heel. He killed the Prince of Troy, Hector. He dragged his body nine times around the city of Troy in victory. WHO THOUGH WOULD......WIN????!!! more

Resolved Question: need a little history help?

What allowed Constantinople to survive the decline of the Roman Empire? Its disregard for Roman law Its involvement in the silk trade Its large population of slaves Constantinople was the former capital of the _____ Empire. Greek Persian Roman Spartan Which book of Justinian Law served as a textbook for law students? The Digest The Institutes The Justinian Code The Torah Its use of mercenary soldiers Justinian's legal reforms were important primarily because they arranged Roman law and created a foundation for future legal systems helped the Byzantine Empire expand continuously for another 1,000 years limited the number of practicing lawyers translated Roman law into Greek Which was a disagreement between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church? Catholics did not believe in purgatory. Members of the two churches spoke the same language, Greek. Orthodox members did not believe that Jesus was the son of God. Orthodox priests can marry; Catholic priests cannot. What was Justinian's major goal during his reign? Bringing back the Roman Republic Eliminating the remnants of Rome Expanding the empire Reducing the role of the church What is the significance of the 1054 excommunications of the pope and the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church? It formalized the split between the Eastern and Western churches. It led to the downfall of the Catholic Church. It left members of both churches without leaders. It marked the beginning of war between Catholics and members of the Eastern Orthodox Church. more

Resolved Question: I need help with this history question! I dont expect anyone to know the answer to these two questions though.?

Compare and contrast the difference between Greek and Persian culture, religion, government, and military. Hers the second question. Compare and contrast the difference between Spartan and Athenian culture, government, ideologies and daily life. Be sure to include the Peloponnesian war. more

Resolved Question: History questions: Greek and Hellenistic Civilization?

1.Describe the Mycenaeans and their culture 2.How does Homer describe Greek government and culture? 3.What were the Homeric Values? 4.Describe the Greek institution of Polis and how it developed. 5.How did the military strategy of Hoplite Phalanx effect the growth of the Greeks? 6.How did Colonization influence Greek life? 7.Give an overall view of Archaic Greek life. Be sure to include society, farmers, aristocrats and religion. 8.Give an overview of Spartan society and government. 9.How did the 1st and 2nd Messenian Wars change life in Sparta? 10.Describe life for a male in Sparta. 11.How did Solon change the way Athens was governed? 12.What was the Delian League? 13.Why did Athens and Sparta come to blows in the Great Peloponnesian war and what was each sides strategy for victory? Who won and why? 14.Describe the life of women in Athenian society. 15.How was Philip|| of Macedon able to conquer Greece? 16.What was the Federal League of Corinth? 17.Describe the rule of Alexander|||. 18.What were the major consequences of Alexander’s death? 19.Define the following terms: hoplite phalanx, Stoics and Panhellenic. more

Resolved Question: Greek History Help! Were the Leucadians Spartan?

I was reading Thucydides and it made reference to the Leucadians during the Persians wars. Is Leucadian somehow a reference to the people of the founder of Sparta, Lacedaemon? Basically, my question is, does Leucadian= Spartan or are they another city-state/people. Thanks!!! more

Resolved Question: Question about the Greek/Persian War- History?

The decisive Greek military victory over the Persians at Salamis was won by: A. The Athenian fleet B. The Spartan phalanx C. The Greek Hoplites D. All of the Above I think it's D but I'm not sure, history majors, help please? more

Resolved Question: Omgomgomgomgogmogmgomgogm?

When Greek colonists set out from mainland Greece, evicted by the Dorians and the Heracleidae (the descendants of Hercules), perhaps, many wound up in Ionia, in Asia Minor. Eventually the Ionian Greeks came under the rule of the Lydians, and particularly King Croesus (560-546 B.C.). In 546, the Persians took over Ionia. Condensing, and oversimplifying, the Ionian Greeks found the Persian rule oppressive and attempted to revolt with the aid of the mainland Greeks. Mainland Greece then came to the attention of the Persians, and war between them ensued. The Persian Wars lasted from 492 - 449 B.C. In 490 B.C. (possibly on August or September 12), perhaps 25,000 Persians, under King Darius' generals, landed on the Greek Plain of Marathon. The Spartans were unwilling to provide timely help for the Athenians, so Athens' army, which was about 1/3 the size of the Persian's, supplemented by 1,000 Plataeans, and led by Callimachus (polemarch) and Miltiades (former tyrant in the Chersonesus [Map section Ja]), fought the Persians. The Greeks won by encircling the Persian forces. This was a momentous event since it was the first Greek victory in the Persian Wars. Then the Greeks prevented a surprise Persian attack on Athens by a quick march back to the city to warn the inhabitants. Origin of the Racing Term Marathon: Supposedly, a messenger (Pheidippides) ran about 25 miles, from Marathon to Athens, to announce the defeat of the Persians. At the end of the march he died of exhaustion. For more on this urban legend, see Marathon and Pheidippides and the Marathon. Print Sources on the Battle of Marathon The Battle of Marathon: Battles of the Ancient World, by Don Nardo The Greco-Persian Wars, by Peter Green Online Battle of Marathon Resources: World Civilizations - Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars William Smith - A Smaller History of Greece Battle of Marathon Quiz Darius of Persia Darius [Darayavaush] was the third king of Persia, following Cyrus and Cambyses. He ruled from 521-485 B.C. Darius was the son of Hystaspes. Peter Green says that Persian nobles called Darius "the huckster" because of his skill and interest in commerce. He standardized weights and measures. He controlled sea trade through the Dardanelles and the grain in the two major areas from which Greece might have imported -- South Russia and Egypt. Darius "dug a forerunner of the modern Suez Canal, 150 feet wide, and deep enough to carry large merchantmen" and sent a sea captain to "explore the sea-route to India" through the Persian Gulf. Green also says Darius adapted the Babylonian law code, improved communication in his provinces, and reorganized the satrapies. more

Resolved Question: which history book to get?

hi, i am looking for a world history book which talkes about the following things: - alexander the great - spartans - aristotle - otomans - egypt - greek history - asian history I am looking for a book that covers it all and isn't too expensive. I searched through amazon last evening and couldn't find any suitable book. And if i did, they were priced at 50-200$, which is to much. Does anyone know of a history book that covers different scopes of world history? Thanks more

Resolved Question: Humanities/History?

In the play Antigone, the CENTRAL CONFLICT is between: believing in the Greek gods or the Roman gods obeying the laws of god or simply accepting the authority of the laws of men following the Egyptian governmental system or the Chinese system marrying or living a celibate life According to Plutarch, what did the Spartan Lycurgis accomplish? Instituted a Senate Permitted acceptance or rejection of laws by the people Redistributed land Constructed communal dining rooms where all ate the same food together All of the above None of the above Jesus said all of the following EXCEPT: Treat people the way you would like to be treated. Blessed are the peacemakers Love your enemies An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth more

Resolved Question: Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be a Spartan?

Spartans in Greek history were seen as hard, brave people. more

Resolved Question: Why don`t Asians respect the Greek martial art Pankration?

Most Asians I met trashed it!But Pankration is better than most Asian martial arts!Its one of the few arts to combine boxing with wrestling!Its been used by ancient Greek warriors!Its even been modified into a more brutalized version by the Spartans! NOTE:For you people who never heard of it before,here are some websites that have info about it: http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&content_type_id=55004&display_order=5&sub_display_order=8&mini_id=54986 Many of the kicks used by Spartans in the movie 300 are kicks directly taken from Pankration. more

Resolved Question: history history history?

28)The greek architectural ideal for the golden mean is the best described as a.nothing to excess b.nothing but extremes c.achieving both extremes d.complexity at any cost 29)According to thucydides a.only gods make history b.only kings make history c.only humans make history d.history is the story of the greeks 30)Spartan males began their military at age a.7 b.10 c.15 d.18 31)The coastal city states of east africa developed a thriving trade a.with the farmers b.through the sahara c.along the niger river d.across the indian ocean 32)court cases in democratic athens were decided by a.single judge b.a panel of jugdes c.the unanimous vote of a 12-mmember jury d.the majority vote of a 201- to 1,001 member jury 33)the chinese philosophy that emphasizes harmony between the individual and nature is a.buddhism b.confucianism c.daoism d.mandarinism 34)the author of the republic was a.sophocles c.socrates d.herodotus d.plato more

Resolved Question: Ok quick history question..?

In the movie 300 and in meet the spartans, there is this big hole that people get thrown into did this really happen in greek/roman history, if so can soemone give me the name of the hole? im curious to know? more

Resolved Question: what are some video games that have to do with greece,greek mythology or greek history (spartans,alexander)etc

just wondering i know a few games that have to do with greek history and mythology like 300 the game,rome total war,god of war anymore also any games that have to do with modernday greece more

Resolved Question: Spartan.....?

I have a 12.5 week old English Bulldog (yeah, yeah, I know that some peeps will have a problem with me adding the word "English" but it gives people a better idea of what kind of bulldog I have.). His name is Spartan. It has come time to send in his AKC papers to register him but I am struggling for aname for his papers. We chose the name Spartan because A) we are huge gamers and love Halo; & B) I am partially greek and love the culture and history. His name fits him sooooo well he's such a little gladiator! Thanks in advance. more

Resolved Question: History of the Dorians?

My professor says that the spartans which were dorian were not greek they were dorians who came from middle asia and they took over the native people and took over sparta. this is true? or is there more to the story than what he said more

Resolved Question: How come it is socially acceptable to make a movie that makes fun of Spartans and how they died?

The movie that makes fun of the movie "the 300" makes fun of one of the most sacred events to the Spartan culture. I am 100% Greek, my entire family line is from Sparta. King Leonidas and the 300 Spartans gave their lives up for their country and changed the course of history. Spartans look at King Leonidas and the 300 Spartans the same way African Americans look at Martin Luther King or Hispanics look at the Virgin Mary. It would not be acceptable to make a movie that makes fun of the life and death of Martin Luther King or the Virgin Mary so why is it ok to make fun of the life and death of the 300 Spartans and King Sorry, I guess my question is a little confusing. I am not talking about the movie "The 300" I am talking about the spoof movie that just came out that is based on "The 300" I forgot the exact name of the movie, it is like "the naked spartans" or something, I dont remember, that is the movie I am talking about. That is the movie that makes fun of the Spartans and there death. name of the movie is "Meet the Spartans" more

Resolved Question: Poem about war between Greece & Persia?

Bless all those creatures, who are dearly departed; Those who have their prides, and are lion-hearted. Having peace in self, listening to their inner Spartan. And, not forgetting the sense in the opinion Of the more settled inner Athenian. Quiet the inner dog, and its unsettled barking. Know when the bite cannot match its harking. Remember Leonidas; the continued names of his 300, How he and his men joined with 3,900 similar pundits. Those men who were born as separate flags’ babies. Leonidas’ guard on land, Sparta’s army became a navy. The Greek men to stand to hundreds of thousands of Persians. Remember Ephialtes and his traitorous conversion. And remember the soldiers that were killed under Xerxes. Passing through Thermopylae, those names were the fees. Think of the Athenian leaders’ great naval successes. And the battles of Macedonians as history progresses. ...(cont.'d)... The boldness displayed by Greece, when Darius challenged things. Telling them to fetch their own water; followed by the way Ephialtes sings. Remember the soldiers, and their fighting among their king. Think of the warning given by Alexander from the north. But, when wars and fighting reach their full throttle… Remember the blessings of the teacher Aristotle. - J.M. (Jan. '08) (can anyone remind me...I'm forgetting a piece of my Military History class... was it Xerxes who died from an arrow in the eye?...or, does anyone know who it was?) (I could be in the wrong time period with the arrow in the eye thing...I'm not sure) more

Resolved Question: Feedback on Sparta Vs Athens speech?

Report in Spartan Culture. Thanks for the feedback! The Spartans were a strong warrior society known as the “Protectors of Greece.” Sparta was a culture of simplicity and dedication. Many Greeks envied the Spartans for their lifestyle of straightforwardness and fanatical dedication. From the day a Spartan was born, he would were tested on strength and athleticism. Spartan children were disciplined and well raised. Their education system, the agoge, consisted of choral dance, reading, writing, and most importantly military training. This system was greatly admired by philosophers including Plato and Aristotle. The extensive military training brought up strong warriors which led to countless Spartan victories. Spartan soldiers were passionate fighters and committed to excellence. They would stop at nothing to defend their city state. An example of this was the Spartans heroic defense under King Leondias at the Pass of Thermopylae against the Persian Invasion in 480 BC. The famous 300 Spartans greatly outnumbered by the Persian army endured their forces and sacrificed themselves for Greece. Spartan government was the most stable in the history of Ancient Greece. As opposed to the Athenian government, the Spartan government was not based on wealth. Sparta’s government was an oligarchy made up of five powerful men known as ephors. Ephors were carefully chosen based on ability. Athens’s democracy government was based on comfort and culture in a time of wars and battles. Sparta’s oligarchy government met the Ancient Greek standards, because of its war like attitude as first priority. Compared to their Athenian counterparts Spartan women were valued. Sparta was the only city state that allowed women to receive a proper education, engage in sports, and possess economic power and influence. Literacy in Sparta was the higher than any other Greek city state because there was a high degree of among women as well as men. In addition, Sparta was the only Greek city sate to introduce a Constitution aimed at equalizing wealth among its citizens. Sparta did not always resort to war to settle disputes they created the first alliance system in order to negotiate settlements this alliance was known as the Peloponnesian league. The Spartans were known as the “Protectors of Greece” they were dedicated to Sparta and admired for their constitution, system of writing, and most importantly their committed hoplites or soldiers. more

Resolved Question: Try to explain what the following terms mean and how they are applicable to Greek history:?

Direct Democracy Spartan Demagogue Balance of Power Power Vacuum Empire Management Draconic Sovereignty Hegemony Isonomy Tyrant more

Resolved Question: Do you think Frank Miller's 300 is a biggot movie that use chiseled male body like G. Butler to attract female

My turkish friend didn't like that movie and belive it was a pro-greek eurocentrist movie. hidden behind a cartoon. At first I thought he exagerated but when I start to think more thoroughly, what he said made sens. Frank miller is not an Angel and people close to him knows that he is a men who use to admire hitler germany and fachism. http://images.eonline.com/eol_images/Profiles/20061007/244.miller.frank.100606.jpg Behind the virtues evokated by the Spartan history, there is a tentative of lowering multiracial societies,symbolize by the persian empire.To show that race purity mean unity and intelligence while multiethnicity is division,perversity and idioty. Ofcours this doesn't take out the talent of Gerarld Butler as a good actor.He is a great actopr and I love when he played Attila.I have see him in recent picture, he gain a lot of weight and lost the chiseled six packs.Obviouslty he trained and probably use fat lost product to gain a hard body like that fast enough for the movie.The special effect,cameras also probably help a lot to transform him like a real Apollon.Greek women are crazy about him and many refuse to belive that he is actually scottish.They want to belive that he is greeck or at least Italian. khmcbean17,Spartan were the Nazi of the Antiquity.Athenias considered them as animals.They practice a brutal form of eugenism and infanticide. In fact many racist ideologue like the french count de Gobineau,who wrote the only racist book about races that influenced Hitler,took spartan in great estime.Spartan history give more strenght to their ideology. more

Resolved Question: The Movie "300"...What Do You Think?

There isn't many movies that are out today that interest me any more. Most of them are pure junk (in my opinion). However, I did rent the movie 300 and I must say I was very impressed with it. I also watched the documentary on the Spartans that was on the history channel, and you can also rent the documentary at the store. The documentary was very informative and gave you a lot more infomation then I got from the movie it self. At first I was all for the Spartans and all their glory. But after I saw the documentary I gave the info a lot of thought. I was thinking, that if I lived back in the days of the Spartans, I really would rather live with the Persian and not the Greeks. If you had a chance to see both the films, I would like to have your opinion and see what you have to say. Would you rather of been a Greek or a Persian?. more

Resolved Question: If you could experience any event in history, what would it be?

I'd want to either go back to Roman times and be a spartan or fight in the Greek military as a toxote (archer). more

Resolved Question: Do you think 300 spartans is a racist propaganda?

Have anyone see that movie from Frank miller?I have watch the movie and I wasn't too disappointed for the special effects.Unfortunately the history on what the movie is base on seems fallacious.The spartan Greeks are virile male splendor while the Persians are monster freaks.They show Xerxes(Persian king) like a 7 feet drag queen.I didn't know F.miller before but this make me curious to know about him. I found a man with a dark soul. A great talented artist but very frustrated,constipated,dark,spiteful, bigot looking like his created characters. By his severe look I can understand where come his admiration for spartan who were like the Aryan Nazi of the antiquity fighting the liberal decadent democrat Athenians(Greek brother but different by nature to them). Am sure there is a propaganda behind that movie. Nowadays racist cant talk freely like before, they must use twisted ways. (look at this picture http://images.eonline.com/eol_images/Profiles/20061007/244.miller.frank.100606.jp more

Resolved Question: 300 Is it really a joke?

I like it because I love Gladiator , Lord of Rings And Sin City But I heard the story was not so ,Some say it`s a lie some say its a joke. Here they are: The Visual Joke is Spartans wear metallic helmets but no body armors at all , maybe because Persians were trained only to hit enemy over the head ?? but never in chest or legs or other parts of body. Battle scenes look stupid , killing ants with bare hands seems a lot harder than killing fully trained Persians, Graphically rich but historically and practically very very stupid , so poor that seems like the design team did not have any time to do any research , Persians look like mixture of Arabs with Chinese mask on BUT they don't look like Persians at all. I solute the films graphics but other than that every thing else from acting to story to Directing and ..... made me laugh. Although I liked Zack Snyder's work on Budweiser ( the one that Clydesdale horses kneel for Statue of Liberty and the other one that a Zebra watches horses fault over and over ) and BMW ( a guy that every girl in town wants to marry and his bride finds under wear in his car ) but I did not like this movie at all. Nice Movie, but Persian Empire wasn't like that !! 300 is a great movie full of visual effects and graphics which made it different and much better. Acting was great, director did a wonderful job and chose great actors, full of action, and it is based on a true story. Unfortunately, the only negative point of this movie is that they made it so different and untrue because of showing the Persian Empire and Xerxes like monsters (Persian Empire and Xerxes were Heroes too), and it lost all the History points. I prepared to watch a movie closer to the History style, and characters should be based on their true appearance (I'm sure Xerxes wasn't that Ugly, and he had beard). Except the negetive point, they made an amazing movie, and you'll love it. Hope everyone enjoys it. Nice Movie, but Persian Empire wasn't like that !! by maziar_ghas2003 (movies profile) Mar 9, 2007 944 of 1759 people found this review helpful The movie was great lots of visual work and a heroic story, but the writer clearly had no idea about the Persian Empire. First of all, I don't understand why all Greek Spartans look like waxed models from a model show (not to mention they jump 2 meters high with a sword, spear and a shield) but Persian Immortals all look like Orcs from Lord of The Rings. Also movie didn't say anything about Greek slaves who fought with their masters to the very end (not that they had a choice), instead it shows Greeks hate slavery!!!!!. Moreover, I think the writer doesn't even know where Persia was!! Half of the Persian army is African, but Persians never invaded Africa so there shouldn't be any black individuals in the movie. Persians were the only Empire that never called their King a God (they did call them King of Kings because that's what they were). Movie however shows Persian King's camp is full of nudity and sexual relationship, and refers to Xerxes as a God. In addition I think the writer thought this movie is one of his comic books and therefore tried to make Persians look like Uruks just to show who’s the bad guy.....:/ more

Resolved Question: what is your opinion about the movie '300'.Also what you think of Spartans and Greek history ?

Opinions about Greek history more

Resolved Question: Movie 300,Troy, Alexander and Homosexuality?

where 300 Greek warriors from Sparta managed to delay the 60,000-strong Persian invading army. Historically, the Spartan army was made up in part by soldiers bound romantically to other soldiers fighting on the same battlefield. As in many other historic films especially those about the ancient world or heroic warriors and there gay history has been erased from 300 and replaced with negative stereotypes. From Troy to Spartacus to Ben Hur, queer history is usually downplayed and has often gone missing entirely. in the 2004 film Troy, starring Brad Pitt, Achilles and Patroclus were demoted from lovers to mere cousins. No doubt warriors usually become mad with grief every time one of their cousins is killed, as Achilles did when Patroclus was slain by the Trojan warrior Hector We talk about our population having 5% or 8% of the people with homosexual tendencies. At one time in Sparta the men were 100% homosexual/bisexual more

Resolved Question: movie 300 ,Troy, Alexander and homosexuality (sparta)?

Greek Spartan History News

greek spartan history

YUCCA VALLEY — Beauty and brains run in the family. Or at least they do in the Polos family. The two oldest daughters in a family of five girls both will be representing the desert region in upcoming statewide beauty pageants. Katie Polos, 19, has ...

Miss California pageants will be Polos sister act - Hi-Desert Star

Anyone interested in doing some digging into history of religion, from both a traditional and scholarly position, I've found a site I think is quite interesting, non-biased and easy to read. You stated in your previous post that... "People were ...

Comments about: 'Stop the hate. All you need is love.' - MaineToday.com

With the All-Star break fast approaching, a few teams that have had disappointing first halves will be hoping the second half of the campaign brings better results. That includes the defending World Series champs from Philadelphia. The first half ...

Jim Feist - Sbrforum.com

Sparta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

... in joining a pan-Greek expedition if it was not under Spartan leadership. ... Sparta—An educational periodical for Sparta & Greek history ... more

The Unmovable Spartans: Disciplined and Dedicated Warriors | Suite101.com

The Spartans were a fiercely disciplined society dedicated ... The copyright of the article The Unmovable Spartans in Greek History is owned by Robin Fowler. ... more

Ancient Greece: Sparta

Historical background on the Ancient Greek city-state. more

The Spartans Childhood - Ancient Greece - HistoryWiz

The Spartan family was quite different from that of other Ancient Greek city-states. ... later than other Greek women, the Spartan women produced stronger ... more

Spartan Warriors & Greek Hoplites; The Iliad &The Trojan Horse ...

Spartan Warriors & Greek Hoplites: The Illiad & the Trojan ... Spartan Warriors & Greek Hoplites; Homer's The Iliad & The Trojan Horse of History: Historical ... more

History of Sparta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

... same year a united Greek fleet under the Spartan King, Leotychidas, won the ... fought under the banner of Greek liberty, the Spartan defeat at the Battle of ... more

Sparta - History for Kids!

Sparta for Kids ... Dark Ages, Sparta declined like other Greek towns. ... most Greek towns got rid of their kings at this time, the Spartans kept their kings. ... more

The Spartans - All Empires

Category: Classical Mediterranean and Europe: Greek Politics. History of Sparta ... year 371 BC another united Greek army met the Spartan army on the plains of ... more

Sparta Reconsidered - Spartan Women

Historic information about Spartan women of the Greek city-state of Sparta. ... Nor were Spartan girls married to much older men as was usual in other Greek cities. ... more

Frank Miller 300 Movie vs. 300 Spartans History - Battle of Thermopylae

The real 300 Spartans history behind the Frank Miller 300 graphic novel and ... Many of the Greek soldiers, who fought with the Spartan elite at the Battle of ... more

~ Cult Practice Of a Pompe in the Imperial Age: S.E.G. XI.923 :: Current Issue

Our Friends 300 Spartan Warriors A Spartan Gateway by John Trikeriotis. Ancient... of the Australasian Living History Federation (ALHF). Lost Trails An excellent artistic... most influential web-site! Spartan World The well produced self project of the Sparta's... and suburban housing by Nikolaos Markoulakis Crafts and suburban habitat in Greek and Roman worlds... the full entry... >> | Comment Plato in Olympia by Nikolaos Markoulakis Building History: Plato more

~ Editorial Internships :: Journal of Ancient Spartan and Greek History

Greek history and knowledge of journalism and academic research. You will be able to be part... University Our Friends 300 Spartan Warriors A Spartan Gateway by John Trikeriotis. Ancient... is a member of the Australasian Living History Federation (ALHF). Lost Trails An excellent artistic... Schrader's most influential web-site! Spartan World The well produced self project of the Sparta's... providing a factual, peer-reviewed, clear professional view of the ancient Spartan world. Take your more

:: Events :: Journal of Ancient Spartan and Greek History

Spartan Warriors A Spartan Gateway by John Trikeriotis. Ancient Hoplitikon Athanasios... Living History Federation (ALHF). Lost Trails An excellent artistic articulation of Herototus...-site! Spartan World The well produced self project of the Sparta's advisory editor Mr. Paul... by Nikolaos Markoulakis - May 14, 2009 Crafts and suburban habitat in Greek and Roman worlds... by Nikolaos Markoulakis - May 13, 2009 Building History: Plato in Olympia' a lecture by Stephen G more

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Druids and Druidiocy

of us who are interested in this ancient priesthood can peruse a detailed article in History Today written by Ronald Hutton, to promote the publication of his book Blood and Mistletoe: The History... inconsistencies in the History Today article; furthermore, they are inconsistencies that appear... specifically commented upon the word Druid' in his Natural History, when he wrote But they choose groves... their name from the Greek word for that tree. As well as the name being linked to the word for an more

Divine Salamis

to as one of the most decisive sea battles in world history. The outcome of the battle was a deciding factor in shaking the resolve of the Great King Xerxes, causing him to rethink his war with the Greek people at the time. In 490 B.C. the Greek people under Athenian command, presented... of protecting not only his fledgeling democracy, but the whole of Greek culture into the bargain. His name was Themistocles and in history, he has been referred to by many names, some of them very more

On Vermonters

Several years ago I had a professor who taught Greek History. During the study of the Persian Wars and the stand at Thermopylae she remarked something to the effect of "Take one Spartan, he is probably as good as any other Greek. Take 300 Spartans, make a phalanx and that is where your power is." The Vermont Brigade (2 nd , 3rd, 4 th , 5 th , 6 th , and 11 th Vermont) was the same in my opinion. Individually they were as good as any other fighters in the Army of the Potomac, but collectively more

A Brief History of Ancient Greece

. This period in Greek history was not all calm, however. The many city-states that comprised the Greek... Greek Hoplite Helm Spartan Lakonian - Sword Ancient Greek Museum...What historians typically designate as the ancient Greek period are the years between 1000 B.C.... began. The legacy of Greek civilization was greatly influential to the succeeding Roman Empire... of one another in their efforts to attain a dominant role among the Greek league of states more

Common Errors (22): Pericles

powerful and had too much influence in the Greek sanctuaries. The Archidamian War , as the first part... Spartan hoplites could be avoided. Moreover, Athens had a war fund of no less than 6,000 talents...: the far north. The Spartan commander Brasidas managed to outwit the Athenian Thucydides and captured... History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, the man who had been responsible for the loss... the man who had saved the city. On the contrary, several chapters of the History of the Peloponnesian War more

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